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Chinese fir, commonly known as fir, is a tree known for its light, refreshing fragrance, derived from the presence of fir-alkanol in its wood. Cunninghamia lanceolata (Cunninghamia sinensis) is primarily grown in southern China and has been widely used in my country since the Han Dynasty and even earlier. By the Tang Dynasty, Chinese fir trees were already in widespread use. Around the Yuan and Ming dynasties, its cultivation and management flourished, with the development of a comprehensive system and technology for logging, transportation, and measurement. Cunninghamia lanceolata became a staple in southern my country for civil engineering projects and the manufacture of everyday tools.
Chinese fir is a prominent tree species in southern my country, with a long history of use. Its strong resistance to compression and earthquakes makes it a premium building material. The Chengyang Wind and Rain Bridge in Sanjiang, Guangxi, constructed in 1916 without a single nail or rivet, used over 400 cubic meters of fir wood and remains intact to this day. The Mawangdui Han Dynasty Tomb in Changsha, Hunan, features coffins made of fir, and unearthed fir artifacts dating back over 2,000 years are all intact. Many similar tombs, such as the Han Dynasty Tomb in Tianchang County, Anhui Province, also feature coffins made entirely of fir. Archaeological discoveries of furniture and daily storage items from the Han Dynasty in southern China also reveal fir. Fir was also used in the construction of boats and rafts, demonstrating its extreme durability.
"Description of Southern Plants" records: "Two hundred miles east of Hepu, there was a fir tree. In the spring of the fifth year of Yongchu during the reign of Emperor An of the Han Dynasty, its leaves fell and were blown into Luoyang City on the wind. The leaves were ten times larger than those of ordinary fir trees." Guo Pu's commentary on Erya states: "It resembles pine and grows south of the Yangtze River. It can be used as a pillar for boats and coffins, and buried without rotting... It is also often used as a rice barrel, as it is very resistant to water." This suggests that fir was already widely used in the Han Dynasty.
Another record in the Compendium of Materia Medica states that Tang Liuzhou compiled a prescription for rescuing the dead: "In February of the 12th year of the Yuanhe era, I contracted beriberi. I felt nauseous at night, and a lump as big as a stone appeared on my side. I was on the verge of death. Due to the severe cold, I had been unconscious for three days. My family was wailing. Zheng Xunmei of Rongyang recommended a recipe for a Chinese fir wood soup. After taking it for half a meal, I had a large bowel movement. After three times, the qi was relieved and the soul was dispersed." This suggests that people at that time had a very detailed understanding of the properties of Chinese fir wood, and its application had expanded to include medicinal use.
Chinese fir boasts a straight, round trunk, light yet tough material, beautiful grain, and a fragrant, unyielding, non-deformable wood. Containing "sugar brain," it resists termites and decay, making it a valuable timber in my country, particularly in southern China. It grows quickly, has a strong germination tendency, and is easily propagated artificially. Whether from cuttings, seedlings, or regeneration through sprouting, forests can be established.
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